Auto-thermal reforming of acetic acid for hydrogen production by ZnxNiyCrOm±δ catalysts: Effect of Cr promoted Ni-Zn intermetallic compound

A series of Zn_xNi_yCrO_m±δ catalysts were synthesized via a typical co-precipitation method, in which Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were found and Ni-Zn intermetallic compound (IMC) was formed after reduction in hydrogen. During auto-thermal reforming (ATR) of acetic acid (HAc), the Ni-Zn IMC was transformed into Ni/(amorphous-ZnO)-ZnCr₂O₄ species with uniformed distribution and appropriate interaction within these Ni-Zn-Cr-O species; besides, the adsorbed oxygen promoted the activation and transfer of oxygen species; therefore, deactivation by oxidation, sintering and coking was inhibited. And the optimized Zn_2.37Ni_0.63CrO_4.5±δ catalyst presented high activity and stability in a 45-h ATR test with HAc conversion near 100% and hydrogen yield at 2.7 mol-H₂/mol-HAc, showing potential for hydrogen production via ATR of HAc.     

Boosting discharge capability of α-Ni(OH)2 by cobalt doping based on robust spherical structure

α-Ni(OH)₂ is a promising candidate of the currently commercialized β-Ni(OH)₂ due to its higher theoretical discharge capacity in alkaline solution; however, its instability and poor conductivity plague the practical application. Herein, we propose α-Ni(OH)₂ with Co doping and spherical structure to strengthen the stability and enhance the conductivity and use it as the cathode for nickel-metal hydride batteries. Studies show that proper Co doping promotes the electrochemical reaction between the active materials and the electrolyte due to the spherical α-Ni(OH)₂ with enlarged interlayer distance and abundant hole channels, as well as high conductivity of Co, therefore, the obtained spherical α-Ni(OH)₂ with 7 mol% Co doping delivers significantly improved discharge capability, which is 384.6 mAh g^?1 at 70 mA g^?1 (0.2 C), increased by 54.3 mAh g^?1 compared with pure α-Ni(OH)₂, and at a high current of 5 C, it still gives 269.4 mAh g^?1, in contrast 218.5 mA g^?1 for the pure α-Ni(OH)₂. Besides, the cycling stability of the α-Ni(OH)₂ with 7 mol% Co doping maintains 340 cycles at a capacity retention of 80% (1C), which is extended 110 cycles in contrast to the pure α-Ni(OH)₂. These results provide the underpinning platform of α-Ni(OH)₂ for battery applications with high discharge ability and cycle life.     

NiFe layered double hydroxide as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen

Two electron oxygen reduction reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a promising alternative technique to the multistep and high energy consumption anthraquinone process. Herein, Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) has been firstly demonstrated as an efficient bifunctional catalyst to prepare H₂O₂ by electrochemical oxygen reduction (2e^? ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Significantly, the NiFe-LDH catalyst possesses a high faraday efficiency of 88.75% for H₂O₂ preparation in alkaline media. Moreover, the NiFe-LDH catalyst exhibits excellent OER electrocatalytic property with small overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm^?2 and high stability in 1 M KOH solution. On this basis, a new reactor has been designed to electrolyze oxygen and generate hydrogen peroxide. Under the ultra-low cell voltage of 1 V, the H₂O₂ yield reaches to 47.62 mmol g_cat^?1 h^?1. In order to evaluate the application potential of the bifunctional NiFe-LDH catalyst for H₂O₂ preparation, a 1.5 V dry battery has been used as the power supply, and the output of H₂O₂ reaches to 83.90 mmol g_cat^?1 h^?1. The excellent electrocatalytic properties of 2e^? ORR and OER make NiFe-LDH a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for future commercialization. Moreover, the well-designed 2e^? ORR-OER reactor provides a new strategy for portable production of H₂O₂.     

Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

双圆弧齿轮端面齿廓方程及其啮合过程

详尽而又简明地推导了分阶式双圆弧齿轮的端面齿廓方程。通过插图来展示各坐标系的相互关系 ,介绍如何具体的在计算机上绘出双圆弧齿轮端面图及模拟齿轮的啮合过程。     

平面砂带磨床磨削参数的优化设计

砂带磨削是一种高效的磨削技术。通过优化设计方法对砂带磨削过程进行分析,建立了平面砂带磨床工艺参数的数学模型,采用内点罚函数法对其优化求解,获得了最优磨削参数。将最优参数和传统经验值进行比较,结果表明了最优参数的可行性。     

定向井双油管及潜油电泵完井技术

通过对涠１０─３油田７口井次的施工实践，介绍有关双油管完井的一般井下管柱结构、完井工具及其作用、现场施工的工艺等。另外，还向读者简单介绍涠１０─３油田大斜度井电泵的完井方法和管柱结构。     

新型高效节能矿用局部通风机

采用双速电机和可调前导叶组合技术使风机在掘进全过程的4种工况下高效、节能地运行,通过先进的航空发动机机翼型叶片的优化设计和智能调速装置研制等一系列技术手段,实现瓦斯最大效率的无超限排放。     

矿物原料在磨料行业的应用研究

选用地质储量大，价格便宜的非金属矿物为原料，通过精选，除杂质，控制粒度，改性等理化方法处理，成功地研制出金属洗涤，电脑显示屏打磨两种不同类型磨料产品，在实践中获得了较好的应用结果，成功地代替了进口原料。     

无预掘巷道倾斜长壁对拉百万吨工作面的开采

根据双阳矿的实际地质条件 ,采用倾斜长壁仰斜开采 ,并实现了随采随掘随留巷的无预掘巷技术 ,取得了明显的技术进步和较高的经济效益